BLOOD TEST 13JUN19

BLOOD TEST - 13JUN19

HEMOGLOBIN A1C

Hemoglobin A1c is a blood test that checks your average blood sugar level over the past 2 to 3 months. This test also is called a glycohemoglobin test or an A1c test.

The test result is usually given as a percentage. The normal A1c is less than 5.7%. You have a higher risk for diabetes if your A1c is 5.7% to 6.4%. If your level is 6.5% or higher, you have diabetes.

The A1c test result also can be used to find your estimated average glucose, or eAG. Your eAG and A1c show the same thing in two different ways. They both help you learn more about your average blood sugar range over the past 2 to 3 months. A1c is shown as a percentage, while eAG uses the same units (mg/dl) as your glucose meter.

Examples:

6% A1c = 126 mg/dL
7% A1c = 154 mg/dL
8% A1c = 183 mg/dL
9% A1c = 212 mg/dL
10% A1c = 240 mg/dL
11% A1c = 269 mg/dL
12% A1c = 298 mg/dL

Component Your value Standard range
Hgb A1c % 5.5 % <=5.6 %
ESTIMATED AVERAGE GLUCOSE 111 mg/dL 85 - 126 mg/dL

CREATININE AND CALCULATED GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE

Creatinine tests measure the level of the waste product creatinine (say "kree-AT-uh-neen") in your blood and urine. These tests show how well your kidneys are working.

When the kidneys are not working well, they cannot filter creatinine from the blood. This causes the level of creatinine in the blood to go up and the creatinine clearance - the test that measures how well your kidneys remove creatinine - to go down.

Component Your value Standard range
Creatinine 1.07 mg/dL <=1.34 mg/dL
Glomerular filtration rate, nonAfrican American >60 mL/min >=60 mL/min
GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE - AFRICAN AMERICAN >60 mL/min >=60 mL/min

POTASSIUM

A potassium test checks how much potassium is in the blood. Potassium is both an electrolyte and a mineral. It helps keep the water (the amount of fluid inside and outside the body's cells) and electrolyte balance of the body. Potassium is also important in how nerves and muscles work.

Potassium levels often change with sodium levels. When sodium levels go up, potassium levels go down, and when sodium levels go down, potassium levels go up. Potassium levels are also affected by a hormone called aldosterone, which is made by the adrenal glands.

Potassium levels can be affected by how the kidneys are working, the blood pH, the amount of potassium you eat, the hormone levels in your body, severe vomiting, and taking certain medicines, such as diuretics and potassium supplements. Certain cancer treatments that destroy cancer cells can also make potassium levels high.

Many foods are rich in potassium, including bananas, orange juice, spinach, and potatoes. A balanced diet has enough potassium for the body's needs. But if your potassium levels get low, it can take some time for your body to start holding on to potassium. In the meantime, potassium is still passed in the urine, so you may end up with very low levels of potassium in your body, which can be dangerous.

A potassium level that is too high or too low can be serious. Abnormal potassium levels may cause symptoms such as muscle cramps or weakness, nausea, diarrhea, frequent urination, dehydration, low blood pressure, confusion, irritability, paralysis, and changes in heart rhythm.

Other electrolytes, such as sodium, calcium, chloride, magnesium, and phosphate, may be checked in a blood sample at the same time as a blood test for potassium.

Component Your value Standard range
Potassium 4.4 mEq/L 3.5 - 5.3 mEq/L

SODIUM

A sodium test checks how much sodium is in the blood. Sodium is both an electrolyte and mineral. It helps keep the water (the amount of fluid inside and outside the body's cells) and electrolyte balance of the body. Sodium is also important in how nerves and muscles work.

Most of the sodium in the body (about 85%) is found in blood and lymph fluid. Sodium levels in the body are partly controlled by a hormone called aldosterone, which is made by the adrenal glands. Aldosterone levels tell the kidneys when to hold sodium in the body instead of passing it in the urine. Small amounts of sodium are also lost through the skin when you sweat.

Most foods have sodium naturally in them or as an ingredient in cooking. Sodium is found in table salt as sodium chloride or in baking soda as sodium bicarbonate. Many medicines and other products also have sodium in them, including laxatives, aspirin, mouthwash, and toothpaste.

Low sodium levels have many causes, such as heart failure, malnutrition, or diarrhea.

Other electrolytes, such as potassium, calcium, chloride, magnesium, and phosphate, may be checked in a blood sample at the same time as a blood test for sodium.

Component Your value Standard range
Sodium 144 mEq/L 135 - 145 mEq/L

THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE (TSH)

A thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) test is one of several blood tests used to check for thyroid gland problems. TSH causes the thyroid gland to make other important hormones that help control your body's metabolism

Component Your value Standard range
TSH 0.52 uIU/mL 0.40 - 5.00 uIU/mL

GLUCOSE

A blood glucose test measures the amount of a type of sugar, called glucose, in your blood. Glucose comes from carbohydrate foods. It is the main source of energy used by the body. Insulin is a hormone that helps your body's cells use the glucose. Insulin is produced in the pancreas and released into the blood when the amount of glucose in the blood rises.

Normally, your blood glucose levels increase slightly after you eat. This increase causes your pancreas to release insulin so that your blood glucose levels do not get too high. Blood glucose levels that remain high over time can damage your eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels.

There are several different types of blood glucose tests.

Fasting blood sugar (FBS). This test measures blood glucose after you have not eaten for at least 8 hours. It is often the first test done to check for prediabetes and diabetes.
2-hour postprandial blood sugar. This test measures blood glucose exactly 2 hours after you start eating a meal. This is not a test used to diagnose diabetes. This test is used to see if someone with diabetes is taking the right amount of insulin with meals.
Random blood sugar (RBS). It measures blood glucose regardless of when you last ate. Several random measurements may be taken throughout the day. Random testing is useful because glucose levels in healthy people do not vary widely throughout the day. Blood glucose levels that vary widely may mean a problem. This test is also called a casual blood glucose test.
Oral glucose tolerance test. This test is used to diagnose prediabetes and diabetes. An oral glucose tolerance test is a series of blood glucose measurements taken after you drink a sweet liquid that contains glucose. This test is commonly used to diagnose diabetes that occurs during pregnancy (gestational diabetes). Women who had high blood sugar levels during pregnancy may have oral glucose tolerance tests after pregnancy.
Hemoglobin A1c. This test is also called glycohemoglobin. It measures how much sugar (glucose) is stuck to red blood cells. This test can be used to diagnose diabetes. It also shows how well your diabetes has been controlled in the past 2 to 3 months and whether your diabetes medicine needs to be changed. The result of your A1c test can be used to estimate your average blood sugar level. This is called your estimated average glucose, or eAG.

Component Your value Standard range
GLUCOSE, RANDOM 108 mg/dL 60 - 159 mg/dL

LIPID PANEL

A lipid panel is a blood test that measures lipids - fats and fatty substances used as a source of energy by your body. Lipids include cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). This panel measures:

Total cholesterol level.
Triglyceride level.
HDL cholesterol level. This is the "good" cholesterol.
LDL cholesterol level. This is the "bad" cholesterol.

Component Your value Standard range
Cholesterol 202 mg/dL <=239 mg/dL
TRIGLYCERIDE, NONFASTING 83 mg/dL <=879 mg/dL
HDL 80 mg/dL >=40 mg/dL
LDL CALCULATED, NONFASTING 105 mg/dL <=159 mg/dL

ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE (ALT)

An alanine aminotransferase (ALT) test measures the amount of the enzyme ALT in the blood. ALT is found mainly in the liver. When ALT levels are higher than normal, it can mean that the liver is damaged or diseased.

Component Your value Standard range
ALT 16 U/L 0 - 47 U/L

CBC (COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT)

A complete blood count (CBC) gives important information about the kinds and numbers of cells in the blood, especially red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. A CBC helps your doctor check any symptoms, such as weakness, fatigue, or bruising, you may have. A CBC also helps him or her diagnose conditions, such as anemia, infection, and many other disorders.

A CBC test usually includes:

White blood cell (WBC, leukocyte) count. White blood cells protect the body against infection. If an infection develops, white blood cells attack and destroy the bacteria, virus, or other organism causing it. White blood cells are bigger than red blood cells but fewer in number. When a person has a bacterial infection, the number of white cells rises very quickly. The number of white blood cells is sometimes used to find an infection or to see how the body is dealing with cancer treatment.
White blood cell types (WBC differential). The major types of white blood cells are neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Immature neutrophils, called band neutrophils, are also part of this test. Each type of cell plays a different role in protecting the body. The numbers of each one of these types of white blood cells give important information about the immune system. Too many or too few of the different types of white blood cells can help find an infection, an allergic or toxic reaction to medicines or chemicals, and many conditions, such as leukemia. >LI>Red blood cell (RBC) count. Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. They also carry carbon dioxide back to the lungs so it can be exhaled. If the RBC count is low (anemia), the body may not be getting the oxygen it needs. If the count is too high (a condition called polycythemia), there is a chance that the red blood cells will clump together and block tiny blood vessels (capillaries). This also makes it hard for your red blood cells to carry oxygen.
Hematocrit (HCT, packed cell volume, PCV). This test measures the amount of space (volume) red blood cells take up in the blood. The value is given as a percentage of red blood cells in a volume of blood. For example, a hematocrit of 38 means that 38% of the blood's volume is made of red blood cells. Hematocrit and hemoglobin values are the two major tests that show if anemia or polycythemia is present.
Hemoglobin (Hgb). The hemoglobin molecule fills up the red blood cells. It carries oxygen and gives the blood cell its red color. The hemoglobin test measures the amount of hemoglobin in blood and is a good measure of the blood's ability to carry oxygen throughout the body.
Red blood cell indices. There are three red blood cell indices: mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). They are measured by a machine, and their values come from other measurements in a CBC. The MCV shows the size of the red blood cells. The MCH value is the amount of hemoglobin in an average red blood cell. The MCHC measures the concentration of hemoglobin in an average red blood cell. These numbers help in the diagnosis of different types of anemia. Red cell distribution width (RDW) can also be measured which shows if the cells are all the same or different sizes or shapes.
Platelet (thrombocyte) count. Platelets (thrombocytes) are the smallest type of blood cell. They are important in blood clotting. When bleeding occurs, the platelets swell, clump together, and form a sticky plug that helps stop the bleeding. If there are too few platelets, uncontrolled bleeding may be a problem. If there are too many platelets, there is a chance of a blood clot forming in a blood vessel. Also, platelets may be involved in hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis).
Mean platelet volume (MPV). Mean platelet volume measures the average amount (volume) of platelets. Mean platelet volume is used along with platelet count to diagnose some diseases. If the platelet count is normal, the mean platelet volume can still be too high or too low.
A complete blood count (CBC) gives important information about the kinds and numbers of cells in the blood, especially red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. A CBC helps your doctor check any symptoms, such as weakness, fatigue, or bruising, you may have. A CBC also helps him or her diagnose conditions, such as anemia, infection, and many other disorders.

Component Your value Standard range
WBC COUNT 4.2 K/uL 3.7 - 11.1 K/uL
Red blood cells count 4.05 M/uL 4.10 - 5.70 M/uL
Hgb 14.0 g/dL 13.0 - 17.0 g/dL
Hematocrit 42.4 % 39.0 - 51.0 %
MCV 105 fL 80 - 100 fL
RDW, RBC 12.7 % 12.0 - 16.5 %
Platelets count 78 K/uL 140 - 400 K/uL
RBC's, nucleated 0 /100WC <=0 /100WC

WHITE BLOOD CELL DIFFERENTIAL

A white blood cell differential counts the different types of white blood cells in a blood sample. There are five major kinds of white blood cells. The numbers of each type of white blood cell give important information about your immune system.

Component Your value Standard range
Neutrophils %, automated count 62 % 42 - 76 %
Lymphocytes %, automated count 26 % 15 - 47 %
Monos %, auto 9 % 5 - 13 %
Eosinophils %, automated count 2 % 0 - 7 %
Basophils %, automated count 1 % 0 - 1 %
IMMATURE GRANULOCYTES %, AUTOMATED COUNT 0 % 0 - 1 %
Neutrophils auto count 2.6 K/uL 1.8 - 7.9 K/uL

RED BLOOD CELL MORPHOLOGY

[ nothing on "morphology" ]

Component Your value Standard range
Platelets,bld,ql, man ct CONFIRMD
Ovalocytes,bld,ql, light microscopy 1+

KF!